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科普一下,这里有一个很好很全面的答案:
Recently this question was published in the Rifleman Magazine:
The full stock design goes way back to the first match locks and wheel locks, so it pre-dates the cavalry carbines of the late 1800 by a couple centuries.
A full length stock was most helpful while grasping and loading any muzzle loading rifle.
Remember the Kentucky and Pennsylvania Rifles were mostly designed by German Gunsmiths who brought their Jaeger (Jäger) Rifle designs with them.
Although unlike the American Long Rifles, many of the European Jäger (hunter) rifles were shorter. Being better suited for the hunting conditions found in Bavaria and Austria.
The modern (from the 1890s to present) carbine wearing a full Length Mannlicher stock does a few things.
1. It does protect the barrel from knocks, rubbing against pack frames and other damage. Most Europeans could only afford one nice rifle, why ruin it with a bloody finger print.
2. It allows the forward sling swivel to be moved further forward so it can be slung like a longer rifle. Also making across the chest slinging possible during climbing.
3. It allows the rifle to be rested over a horse saddle, tree stump, log or back-pack (the later is very popular in Germany) without any ill affects to the accuracy, no matter where the rifle is rested.
4. It changes the balance of a short handy carbine to a more rifle-like balance and thus has less muzzle rise when firing.
5. It allows the forearm to be grasped anywhere along its length while aiming and firing. Thus a short carbine can be shouldered, aimed and fired by a large man without much thought.
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