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本帖最后由 TFollowerII 于 2014-3-4 11:37 编辑
第五修正案是这么说的：
中文译文：无论何人，除非根据大陪审团的报告或起诉书，不受死罪或其他重罪的审判，但发生在陆、海军中或发生战时或出现公共危险时服役的民兵中的案件除外。任何人不得因同一犯罪行为而两次遭受生命或身体的危害；不得在任何刑事案件中被迫自证其罪；不经正当法律程序，不得被剥夺生命、自由或财产。不给予公平赔偿，私有财产不得充作公用。
No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.
第五修正案重点体现了美国宪法保障人权的功能，公民不被随意审判，不被重复审判和不得自证其罪，没有赔偿不得以任何理由征用个人财产，即便是为公益。
其中，在高法对于Haynes v. United States的判决中居然引申出了各州不得因为罪犯不注册枪支而起诉的结果。 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haynes_v._United_States
1934年的National Firearms Act of 1934要求对于某些火器的注册。Miles Edward Haynes是一个重罪罪犯。因为其不注册他的枪支而被起诉。（这在我看来合情合理）. 但是，Haynes是这样诉求的：他是一个重罪罪犯，根据法律不得拥有枪支。那么要求他注册相当于要求他自证其罪。显然违背了第五修正案。
根据高法1968年7比1支持五修，偏向重罪罪犯Haynes的判决，国会甚至修正了National Firearms Act，把适用范围仅仅限制于合法公民。时至今日，高法的这次判决仍然在事实上阻止了各州因为罪犯不注册枪支而起诉该罪犯。
As with many other 5th amendment cases, felons and others prohibited from possessing firearms could not be compelled to incriminate themselves through registration. The National Firearm Act was amended after Haynes to make it apply only to those who could lawfully possess a firearm. This eliminated prosecution of prohibited persons, such as criminals, and cured the self-incrimination problem. In this new form, the new registration provision was upheld. The court held: " To eliminate the defects revealed by Haynes, Congress amended the Act so that only a possessor who lawfully makes, manufactures, or imports firearms can and must register them", United States v. Freed, 401 U.S. 601 (1971). The original Haynes decision continues to block state prosecutions of criminals who fail to register guns as required by various state law gun registration schemes.
在康州要收武器的今天，这段去年听证会上的海军退役老兵的责问就显得相关了。一个罪犯尚且不能因为不注册而被起诉。那么好人因为不注册反而要成为Class D重罪。这荒唐吗？
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发表于 2014-3-4 08:34
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千斤顶
发表于 2014-3-4 09:06
Civil disobedience.
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