在德克萨斯州拥枪、狩猎、家防 by txcowboy

wolfcreek

独特的枪文化：历史背景

•早期的殖民者

•独立战争，民兵

•开发西部

wolfcreek

宪法第二修正案

“一支訓練有素的民兵，對一個自由州的安全實為必要，民眾擁有並且佩帶槍支的權利不容侵犯。 ”

“ A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed

wolfcreek

辽阔的德克萨斯

•德州幅员辽阔，包括了各种地貌、植被。

  东南的墨西哥湾海岸GULFCOAST

  东部的PINEYWOODS

  中西部的HILLCOUNTRY

  南部平原SOUTHTEXAS PLAIN

•各种野生动物资源丰富。一方面是提供了食物，另一方面是毒蛇猛兽非常的危险。

•枪械成为每个人安身立命的工具；打猎提供了食物，也是重要的经济来源。

•100多年前的德州遍地都是野牛，卖野牛皮收入不错，牛骨也是好肥料。

•随着社会的进步，城市的发展，用枪来保命、对付猛兽等等的机会越来越少

•但是传统不是轻易就能改变的

•即使是现在，一旦离开几个大城市，德州蛮荒的地方依然还是很多的

•现代的人依然面临的前人曾经面对的问题：如何对付两只脚的和四只脚的威胁

wolfcreek

在德州狩猎需要什么

•猎人资格考试，TEXASHUNTER EDUCATION,   CERTIFIED HUNTER

http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/learning/hunter_education/

推荐Online Study plus One-day Field Course

http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/learning/hunter_education/online.phtml

•猎照，(STATE)HUNTING LICENSES,                     (FEDERAL) DUCK STAMP…

•合法的狩猎器械，比如弓弩，枪械等等

wolfcreek

狩猎的基本方式

守点还是游猎？（Standing or Stalking)

•守点就是潜伏在一个仔细选择的理想的地点，用食物诱饵或者动物模型诱使猎物出现然后猎杀。适合于初学者。在德州非常流行。

•游猎就是选择在猎物可能出现的区域、时间潜行。对狩猎者的体能、技能要求比较高，适合于有经验的狩猎者。

狩猎的器械

•最原始的方法：刀，长矛；

•传统的方式：弓、弩；

•近代的方式：前装火药枪；

•现代的方式：滑膛霰弹枪，线膛步枪，包括单发的和半自动的枪械；

以上所有的方式在德州都是合法的，狩猎者可以根据自己的体能和喜好来选择。用枪械来狩猎其实是技术难度最小的

wolfcreek

谁可以买枪？

•美国公民

•永久居民：驾照+ 绿卡+ 90天居住证明（3个月水费、电费帐单，证明你是德州居民）

•非移民类（H1，F1等等）：猎证 + 90天居住证明（3个月水费、电费帐单，公寓的合同等等）+ I94表+护照+驾照

注意：a).地址务必一致！b). 90天从入境日算起。 c). 非移民类填表时一定要说明自己是特例，是使用猎证。d).需年年买猎证一直到拿绿卡(9月1日到来年8月31日）

无犯罪历史，无精神病史，无暴力倾向，无抑郁症病史

（对老中最关键的：老婆大人同意！！不要因此搞得家庭不和睦）

千万不能代人买枪！重罪！！

非移民买枪

•填写ATF Form4473时的注意事项：

联邦法规定，非永久居民一般来说不能买枪，但是有几个列外exceptions，其中之一就是有打猎证

表格上是：
anyfelony? A: No
...
non-immigration resident?   A: Yes
fall into any exceptions？　A:Yes   (need a copy of hunting license)

immigration A# or I-94 #...

•evenif a nonimmigrant alien falls within one of these exceptions, thenonimmigrant alien CANNOT purchase a firearm from a Federal firearms licensee(FFL) unless he or she (1) has an alien number or admission number fromthe Department of Homeland Security (formerly the Immigration andNaturalization Service) AND (2) can provide the FFL with documentation showingthat he or she has resided in a State within the United States for 90consecutive days immediately prior to the firearms  transaction.

In large part, nonimmigrant aliens are persons traveling temporarily in the
United States for business or pleasure, persons studying in the United
States who maintain a foreign residence abroad, and certain foreignworkers.
Permanent resident aliens are NOT nonimmigrant aliens. Permanent residentaliens often are referred to as people with "green cards.“

•

•NonimmigrantAliens Purchasing Firearms and Ammunition in the United States:

http://www.atf.gov/publications/download/p/atf-p-5300-18.pdf

到哪里去买枪？

•当地的枪械收藏店，例如COLLECTORSFIREARMS, (3301 FONDREN)；

•当地的体育用品店，比如ACADEMYSPORTS, GANDER MOUNTIAN, SPORTS AUTHORITY, BASS PRO, CABELA’S等；

•枪展 （GUNSHOW)

•网上枪店ableammo.com，budsgunshop.com,CDNN等 ；

•网上交易网站（类似EBAY)gunbroker.com

•

前三者当场填表查背景；

后两者邮寄到当地的联邦政府认证过的FFL(Federal
Firearms Licensee)DEALER处后再填表查背景

http://www.auctionarms.com/help/fflnetwork.cfm

wolfcreek

枪械安全的基本准则

•枪口总应指向安全的方向。（万一走火不会伤到自己或他人。仅对射击的目标除外）

•任何时候不要把手指按在扳机上。（除非准备射击时）

•总是假定子弹在枪膛里。（在你开膛亲自检查前，不要相信任何人告诉你是空枪。）

•不但要看清目标前面是什么，目标后面也要看清楚！

枪支使用安全八荣八耻

•以随时注意枪口方向为荣，以大大咧咧胡乱比划为耻。

•以手指平时远离扳机为荣，以随时随刻摸着扳机为耻。

•以枪不用时空仓储存为荣，以不分场合子弹上膛为耻。

•以时刻了解目标背景为荣，以只顾眼前不顾远方为耻。

•以熟悉枪支安全操作为荣，以自以为是拿起就打为耻。

•以随时保持头脑清醒为荣，以酒后药后迷糊用枪为耻。

•以安全可靠储藏枪支为荣，以不计后果随处乱放为耻。

•以按时清洁细心维护为荣，以粗心偷懒只用不擦为耻。

(MITBBS 舞刀弄枪版）

常见的枪支的种类

按底火击发方式分

•边缘发火RIMFIRE

•中心发火CENTERFIRE

•

在德州，能合法打GAMEANIMAL/BIRD的枪，必须是中心发火的步枪或霰弹枪，不能是RIMFIRE的。

注：如果是除害兽，不在此限制之列。

按供弹方式分：

•前装 MUZZLELOAD

•单打一 SINGLESHOT

•栓式 BOLTACTION

•杠杆式 LEVERACTION

•泵动式 PUMPACTION

•半自动 SEMI-AUTO

（全自动的枪械需要特别的CLASSIII执照，这里就不讨论了）

常见的口径

•欧美系口径：.22LONG RIFLE

   223REM/5.56NATO(M16,M4,AR15), 308WIN/7.62NATO(M14, AR10,REM 700),   30-06 SPR(M1 GARAND,1903 SPR),

   30-30, 243WIN, 270WIN, 300 WIN MAG

•俄系口径:7.62X54R(莫辛91-30,M44, SVD), 7.62X39(AK47,SKS), 5.45X39(AK74)

注：军剩弹SURPLUS相对比较便宜，俄系军剩都是腐蚀性的，使用后需迅速擦洗。

常见的霰弹猎枪(SHOTGUN)

口径（#12, #20); 枪膛(2-3/4, 3, 3-1/2)

•入门级:REMINGTON 870, MOSSBERG 500, BenelliNova, BenelliSuper Nova

•中档:REMINGTON 11-87,

•高档：WinchesterX2, X3; BenelliSuper Black Eagle II,  Beretta Xtrema2

常见的线膛步枪(RIFLE)

美国最常见的狩猎口径：30-06， 270， 243， 30-30

•入门级 ($500<)：1891/30Mosin-Nagant (7.62x54R) $90!!   SKS(56半) $200-300, MARLIN XL/XS-7 $310, Remington 700 ADL$350, WeatherbyVanguard $399, Marlin 336 (30-30)  $399

•中档($500~$1000)：TikkaT3 Lite$535,T3 LiteStainless $650, T3 Hunter  $620; Winchester70 $650～900,Remington 700 SPS $520, 700 CDL/BDL $750 , SAVAGE 11/110 $550, CZ 527 $600

•高档(>$1000):Benelli R1$1200, Sako 85$1600

推荐枪瞄

最基本的要求：防水，防雾，成像清晰，经得起强烈后坐

•入门级($100~$250):Nikon Prostaff,Bushnell Legend, Simmons Aetec,

•中档($250~$500):BushnellElite, LeupoldVX-II, Nikon Monarch, ZEISS

•高档(>$500)eupoldVX-III, ZEISS, SWAROVSKI

理想的初级练习用枪

“拳不离手，曲不离口”

  枪法一要常练，二要循序渐进。

  大口径步枪后坐力大，容易让初学者有畏惧心理，养成不好的耸肩抵枪托的坏习惯；而且子弹价格不便宜

•气枪：成本最低，其威力也足够射杀野兔

•小口径步枪：5.6毫米运动步枪，22LR

推荐：拴式Winchester Wildcat, CZ 452；

             半自动Marlin 795 SS, Ruger10/22

射击训练

•步枪纸靶射击：

    距离 50码，100码，200码，更远～1000码

    姿态：座、卧、立、跪

•霰弹枪打飞碟陶盘

wolfcreek

有什么猎物可以打？

•GAMEANIMAL: 有猎季(SEASON)和数量(BAGLIMIT)的限制，

•NONGAMEANIMAL: 在私人领地上一般无猎季和数量的限制；在公共土地上有一定的限制。
•EXOTICANIMAL: 外来物种，不受保护，无狩猎时间和数量的限制

TEXASGAME ANIMAL

The following are classified as gameanimals:

•Whiletail Deer 白尾鹿

•MuleDeer 黑尾鹿
•Desertbighorn sheep  大角羊
•Pronghornantelope 羚羊
•Grayor cat squirrel
•Redor fox squirrel
•Javelina

TEXASNONGAME ANIMAL

No closed season. These animals may behunted at any time by any lawful means or methods on private property. Publichunting lands may have restrictions. A hunting license is required.

•ARMADILLO   穿山甲

•COYOTE   郊狼，豺
•BOBCAT   山猫
•MOUTAINLION    山狮
•RABBIT    兔子
•TURTLE   乌龟
•PRAIRIEDOG    土拨鼠
•FROG   

•FLYINGSQUIRREL AND GOUND SQUIRREL    飞松鼠和地松鼠

EXOTICANIMALS AND FOWL

There are no state bag or possessionlimits or closed seasons on exotic animals or fowl on private property.

Includes, but is not limited to feralhog野猪, Aoudad sheep, Axisdeer梅花鹿, Elk麋鹿, Sikadeer, Fallow deer, Blackbuckantelope黑背羚羊, Nilgai antelope, and Russianboar俄国野猪. Exotic fowlrefers to any avian species that is not indigenous to this state, includingratites (emu, ostrich, rhea, cassowary, etc.).

上哪里去打猎？

•德州公共猎场PUBLICHUNTING LAND,WALK-IN HUNT (ANNUAL PUBLIC HUNTING PERMIT $48)

•国家森林NATIONALFOREST: SAM HOUSTON, ANGELINA, DAVY CROCKETT, SABINE

•抽签  DRAWN HUNT (申请费每人$10, 抽中的人需再缴纳100美元左右，一般3～5天)

•私人农场：必须与农场主达成书面的协议

•私人猎场：商业经营

•狩猎俱乐部：年费$500~$5000

打水禽需要的基本装备

•霰弹枪，配枪带或枪套

•非铅制霰弹，可以是钢或钨钢的

•假鸭子 DECOY

•水裤 wader

•防刺靴wadingboots

•滑雪手杖或远足手杖，需装雪盘(SNOWDISC)

•防蚊面纱，手套，驱蚊剂

•小凳，马扎

•背包、挂包

打走兽时需要的基本设备

•步枪，配枪带；

•软尖弹(softpoint)或者空尖弹(hollowpoint)，达姆弹。最好不用军用的FMJ(fullmetal jacket)

•迷彩服，衣服要分层，根据冷热方便增减

•猎人橘红马甲（公共猎场必须，打水鸟和在私人农场猎场不需要）

•面纱，手套，结实和脚的靴子

•驱蚊剂，常见的DEEPWOODS不行，含香料

•支撑枪支用的小沙包，两脚架

•望远镜

•常规地图（最好有等高线），指南针，GPS及备用电池

•测距仪

•水壶，水袋，瓶装矿泉水

•化学发热袋（严冬时使用）

•背包、挂包

•对讲机

狩猎注意事项

•不要带着上了膛的枪跨越障碍，爬树；

•不要把上了膛的枪靠在树上，车上；

•爬树挂时需使用安全带，防从树上跌落；

•爬山时不要靠近悬崖，注意滑落；

•冬天防低温症，特别注意要保持头足的温度；

•夏天防中暑，多喝水；

•防毒藤poison  ivy

•防毒蛇，德州有全美国所有的品种

•防扁虱 TICKS

wolfcreek

家庭防卫

•Duty to retreat

   This principle required that someone who found themselves in a violentconfrontation had to try to defuse the situation and retreat "to thewall" before resorting to deadly force.

•Castle Doctrine

   exception for duty to retreat: when at home

•Stand your ground

   extended the concept in many states beyond the home to any place where aperson might lawfully be found, such as a bar or a public sidewalk.

城堡法 CastleDoctrine

•Judge(and later U.S. Supreme Court Justice) Benjamin Cardozo explained in 1914:"It is not now and never has been the law that a man assailed in his owndwelling is bound to retreat. If assailed there, he may standhis ground andresist the attack. He is under no duty to take to the fields and the highways,a fugitive from his own home."

在德州在车里带枪

HB1815, Sept. 1 , 2007

•

H.B. 1815 clarifies that a person hasa right to carry a handgun, club or certain knives on the person’s own premisesor premises under his own control, or inside of, or en route, to a motorvehicle under the person’s control. It would redefine the UCW offense inPenal Code Section 46.02 and specify that the criteria a person has to meet inorder to qualify for the traveling presumption under current law would need tobe met under Section 46.02, Penal Code, to avoid committing a UCW offence.Here’s the new language.

(a)  A person commits an offense ifthe person intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly carries on or about his orher person a handgun, illegal knife, or club if the person is not:

     (1)  on the person’s own premises or premises under the person’scontrol; or

     (2)  inside of or directly en route to a motor vehicle that isowned by the person or under the person’s control.

(a-1) A person commits an offence if theperson intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly carries on or about his or herperson a handgun in a motor vehicle that is owned by the person’s control atany time in which:

              (1) the hand gun is in plain view; or

              (2) the person is:

                       (A)engaged in criminal activity, other than a Class C Misdemeanor that is aviolation of a law or ordinance

                                         regulating traffic;

  (B)  prohibited by law from possessing a firearm; or

  (C)  a member of a criminal street gang, as defined by Section 71.01

Stand-your-ground law
in Texas

In 2005 Texas passed House Bill 94 whichcreated an exception for unlawful entry of place of residence to a 1973statute, which required a person to retreat in the face of a criminal attackunless a "reasonable person in the actor's situation would not haveretreated".

In 2007 Texas Legislature passed SenateBill 378which extendsa person’s right to stand their ground beyond the home to vehicles andworkplaces,allowing the reasonable use of deadly force when an intruder is:

•Committingcertain violent crimes, such as murder or sexual assault, or is attempting tocommit such crimes;

•Unlawfullytrying to enter a protected place; or

•Unlawfullytrying to remove a person from a protected place.

Senate Bill 378, made effective September1, 2007, also "abolishes the duty to retreat if the defendant can show he1) had a right to be present at the location where deadly force was used; (2)did not provoke the person against whom deadly force was used; and (3) was notengaged in criminal activity at the time deadly force was used."

家防枪械

•霰弹枪 shotgun

•左轮手枪revolver

•半自动手枪

家防枪械的选择

•最理想的是12号霰弹枪配00BK鹿弹

•女性可以选择比较后座力比较小一点的小号的鹿弹或者20号霰弹枪

•华人女性很多因为不知道如何用力，拉不开半自动手枪的套筒，所以一定要事前在靶场确认

演习

•我们在单位都参加过防火安全演习。家防也需要设定一些场景，预先演习。

•比如：你家所在处从打911电话叫警察到警察到达至少需要7分钟。再加上打电话的时间，你需要至少控制局势10分钟。谁拿枪控制局势，谁来打电话，带小孩躲在哪个房间最安全等等，都需要事前考虑周全。全家都每个成员都知道自己该做什么

随身携带手枪

•CCW   Concealed Carry Weapon

•德州CHL  Concealed Handgun License

–左轮

–半自动

室内学习，书面考试，靶场考试

Qingshi

字体需要调整。

hippo

为啥我这里看起来，字体奇大无比？

can168

哇，我以为手机坏了！

akula

我也是，看着字体巨大，还以为只是我自己的问题呢

wolfcreek

akula 发表于 2013-6-6 19:31
我也是，看着字体巨大，还以为只是我自己的问题呢

好，我再把字体调整一下。

一页一页的贴过来，我费了不少劲儿啊！

友直谅多闻

wolfcreek就是牛仔吗？

wolfcreek

友直谅多闻 发表于 2013-6-6 20:28
wolfcreek就是牛仔吗？

我不是，我参加过他的讲座。这是他发给我的。

标题已标明是他讲授的。

贴出来普惠大众吧！

Londy

辛苦了

akula

好了，现在字体正常了

ds008

wolfcreek 发表于 2013-6-6 19:31
我不是，我参加过他的讲座。这是他发给我的。

标题已标明是他讲授的。

然后，你发这些，牛仔同意过了吗？
牛仔如果想以后出书，你抢先发出来，书就出不成了。这毕竟是牛仔的东西。