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在另外一個帖子，討論自衛射殺狗，到是否某些狗種特別危險， http://qiangyou.org/bbs/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=25515&pid=441034&page=1&extra=#pid441034
答复時候，讓我不禁想到那情形不正與擁槍、反槍的爭議相同？答復後，覺得應與更多網友討論分享。我就把那個帖子單獨拉出來。
PeikingDeagle 給了一份CDC的報告，關於被狗咬死的案例分析。pitbull佔了最高比例，其他還有如德國牧羊犬German Shepherd等大型狗。 所以我們就follow CDC的分析與結論說，Pitbull是危險的嗎？其他大型狗是危險的嗎？
這個問題，讓我聯想到，如同一般大眾在問，帶槍、擁槍的人都是危險的嗎？在QYH vs 其他網站，相信統計出來的結論會很不同，這個應該沒有爭議吧？
讓我回到breed specific issue。美國獸醫協會做了一個整理，https://www.avma.org/KB/Resources/LiteratureReviews/Pages/The-Role-of-Breed-in-Dog-Bite-Risk-and-Prevention.aspx
狗咬傷與狗的種類的關係，雖然是literature review，其中也做了描述導引。我把重要的部分摘錄如下。並作了簡單的中文翻譯。有興趣的人可以自己看看原文，查證我的翻譯及引述是否合宜。
在aggresive breed部分：
從行為上來評估對人類更aggressive的種類多半是中小型的狗，
因為狗型不大，造成咬傷的程度也低
Pitbull: 客觀研究證實pitbull並不比其他狗種危險。很多pitbull的主人是罪犯或有暴力行為；因此pitbull的危險認知也很可能是由狗主自己的行為所造成。
結論：狗咬人事件容易導致責怪狗的種類。 Duffy在2008年寫道： 每個狗種類內的差異非常大，因此要以狗的種類來預測狗的侵略性行為是不適當的。個別狗的情形，被咬的目標，狗的生活環境，都被證實是更能用來預測狗是否會咬人。
單獨靠狗的種類來預測狗會咬人是很不准確的。controlled study顯示pitbull type的狗，並不比其他的狗更會咬人。
National Animal Control Association: 歸類為危險或侵略性的動物應該是基於個別動物的行為，而不是動物的種類 （Breed）
看完這個論述，我個人不禁想到：
- 擁槍、帶槍的人士都是危險的嗎？
- 禁槍人士的論點，就是做如此不負責任的歸類，利用人性害怕的心理。
- 犯罪的人，使用槍支是最方便的 （他們也用大型狗，Doberman，Pitbull， German Shepherd 等）
- 是槍支的錯誤，還是犯罪人的錯誤呢？
- 而保護好人的有效工具，不也是槍支？
同樣的，在LA的幾個Shelters看到多少pitbull這類的狗被遺棄。很多這些狗的不幸是由於他們之前的主人；這些狗也許被訓練為鬥狗，也許被毒販養來做警衛，也許被用來showoff，這種生活已經是夠糟糕了，然後他們被遺棄。貓戀屋，狗戀人；不管狗主多糟糕，很多狗還是依戀這樣的主人。
當然，我不是說大家不做適當的防衛，只是在這種情形，我們也許能夠有更深一層的了解，我們擁槍者還有2A來保護，而世界上也有生物，如pitbull，被一些惡人利用完後又遺棄，而且沒有任何法令保護，反而是在Breed specifi law之下被歧視與迫害。
ps： 因為我的一個孩子在no kill Shelter義務幫忙了好幾年，後來是在shelter擔任Vet tech。而我小時候家裡也養狗。在shelter裡可以看到各形色的狗，也因此對狗歧視也開始注意。
以下是從網站摘錄出來的文字及同樣的簡單翻譯。
*********************************
在aggresive breed部分：
從行為上來評估對人類更aggressive的種類多半是中小型的狗，
Breeds found to be more aggressive toward people based on behavioral assessments and owner surveys includes tend to belong to small- to medium-sized breeds such as the collies, toy breeds and spaniels.33,34,35,36,37 One survey of general veterinary clientele in Canada (specifically practices in New Brunswick, Novia Scotia, and Prince Edward Island) identified Lhasa Apso, Springer Spaniel and Shih Tsu as more likely to bite.39
因為狗型不大，造成咬傷的程度也低
When dogs of small stature show aggression aggressive their relatively limited strength means they are less likely to inflict serious bite injury except on vulnerable individuals or as part of a group of dogs.38,39 Referrals for aggression problems more closely approximate the breeds implicated in serious bites , possibly because owners are more likely to seek treatment for aggression in dogs that are large enough to do serious damage or pose a significant risk of injury. Larger dogs (regardless of breed) are implicated in more publically reported injuries caused to humans40 and other dogs.41
Pitbull: 客觀研究證實pitbull並不比其他狗種危險。很多pitbull的主人是罪犯或有暴力行為；因此pitbull的危險認知也很可能是由狗主自己的行為所造成。
Pit Bull types
Owners of dogs that are identified by the community as ‘pit bull type’ may experience a strong breed stigma,44 however controlled studies have not identified this breed group as disproportionately dangerous. The pit bull type is particularly ambiguous as a “breed” encompassing a range of pedigree breeds, informal types and appearances that cannot be reliably identified.45 Visual determination of dog breed is known to be unreliable.46 As discussed witnesses may be predisposed to assume that a dog that bites is a ‘pit bull’.
The incidence of ‘pit bull-type’ dogs’ involvement in severe or fatal attacks may be associated with prevalence of at-risk dogs in neighborhoods with lots of young children. Owners of stigmatized breeds are more likely to have involvement in criminal and/or violent acts47, so apparent ‘breed correlations’ may be due to patterns in owner behavior.
結論：狗咬人事件容易導致責怪狗的種類。 Duffy在2008年寫道： 每個狗種類內的差異非常大，因此要以狗的種類來預測狗的侵略性行為是不適當的。個別狗的情形，被咬的目標，狗的生活環境，都被證實是更能用來預測狗是否會咬人。
單獨靠狗的種類來預測狗會咬人是很不准確的。controlled study顯示pitbull type的狗，並不比其他的狗更會咬人。
National Animal Control Association: 歸類是否為危險或侵略性的動物應該是基於個別動物的行為，而不是動物的種類 （Breed）
ConclusionDogs who bite can seriously injure or kill people43. It is natural for those affected to seek to address what they perceive to be the immediate cause, and it is easy to blame breed. However as Duffy et al (2008) wrote of their survey based data: “The substantial within-breed variation…suggests that it is inappropriate to make predictions about a given dog’s propensity for aggressive behavior based solely on its breed.”34 Factors relating to the individual animal (eg, training method, sex and neutering status), the target (e.g. owner versus stranger), and the context in which the dog is kept (e.g. urban versus rural) have been shown to be more predictive of dogs bites than has breed. Also the nature of a breed has been shown to vary across time, geographically, and according to breed subtypes such as those raised for conformation showing versus field trials.33
Breed is a poor sole predictor of dog bites. Controlled studies reveal no increased risk for the group blamed most often for dog bites, ‘pit bull-type’ dogs. Accordingly, targeting this breed or any another as a basis for dog bite prevention is unfounded. As stated by the National Animal Control Association: “Dangerous and/or vicious animals should be labeled as such as a result of their actions or behavior and not because of their breed.”
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发表于 2015-6-10 13:58
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发表于 2015-6-10 15:58
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